Allen, James, Natural Language Understanding, 2nd ed., California: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1995.

Baeza-Yates, Ricardo, Berthier Ribeiro-Neto, Modern Information Retrieval, New York: ACM Press, 1999.

Dutoit, Thierry, An Introduction to Text-to-Speech Synthesis, Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

Jense, Karen, George E. Heidorn, Stephen D. Richardson, (eds.), Natural Language Processing: The PLNLP Approach, Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.

Jurafsky, Daniel, James H. Martin, Speech and Language Processing – An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics and Speech Recognition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000.

Lino, Maria Teresa et alii, (eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2004), Lisbon, Portugal, May 2004.

Mamede, Nuno, Jorge Baptista, Isabel Trancoso, M.ª das Graças Volpe Nunes, (eds.), Computational Processing of the Portuguese Language, Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop, PROPOR 2003, Faro, Portugal, June 2003, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, (LNAI n.º 2721), 2003.

Manning, Christopher D., Hinrich Schütze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, 2nd printing, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2000.

Marrafa, Palmira, Maria Antónia Mota, (orgs.), Linguística Computacional: Investigação Fundamental e Aplicações, Lisboa: Edições Colibri, 1999.

Mitchell, Tom M., Machine Learning, Boston: WBC/McGraw-Hill, 1997.

Oliveira, Arlindo L., (ed.), Grammatical Inference: Algorithms and Applications – Proceedings of the 5th International Colloquium, ICGI 2000, Lisbon, Portugal, September 2000, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, (LNAI n.º 1891), 2000.

Peters, Carol et alii, (eds.), Accessing Multilingual Information Repositories: 6th Workshop of the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum, CLEF 2005, Vienna, Austria, Revised Selected Papers, Berlin: Springer (LNCS n.º 4022), 2006.

Pre-Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on International Proofing Tools and Language Technologies, Patras, Greece, July 2004.

Ranchhod, Elisabete, N. Mamede, (eds.), Advances in Natural Language Processing, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, PorTal 2002, Faro, Portugal, June 2002, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, (LNAI n.º 2389), 2002.

Santos, Diana, Nuno Cardoso (eds.), Reconhecimento de entidades mencionadas em português, s.l.: Linguateca, 2008.